Vesuvius+Reading+Group--Maya,+Elena,+Shira,+Izzy,+Mai

=**Vesuvius Reading Group:**= =**Maya, Elena, Izzy, Shira, Mai**=

**Vocab**
Definition: to recline Etymology: Latin roots, Middle english came from- to sit (lollen) over the fire Sentence: Scuto ran beside her, his tongue lolling
 * Maya**
 * 1.** Word:Lolling

Definition: a landing place- pier or dock Etymology: came from old french Sentence: Her heart was beating fast as she and Scuto ran past the softer dunes, past the synagogue and up towards the quay.
 * 2.** Word: Quay (key)

Definition: to subtract/ take away Etymology: came from latin and old french, made in the 1400s, leading away Sentence: What a superb mind you have for deductions
 * 3.** Word: Deduction

Definition: something that can't be avoided Etymology: came from latin, made in the the 1400s Sentence: He stood up and flapped his arms about, with the inevitable results.
 * 4.** Word: Inevitable

definition: A strong feeling that something is about to happen, especially something unpleasant Etymology: mid 16th century, French prémonition, late Latin praemonitio(n). Latin: praemonere, from prae: before monere: warn. "Lupus and Clio had hoped to catch up with Vulcan on the road to Pompeii, but they were not the ones to have a premonition of disaster".
 * Mai**
 * 1.** Word: premonition

Definition: a prolonged period of misfortune etymology: Old French "we were among the last people to escape before the siege began".
 * 2.** Word: siege

definition: a path from a starting point to getting to the destination etymology: Middle English: from Old French //rute // ‘road,’ from Latin //rupta (via // ) ‘broken (way),’ feminine past participle of //rumpere. // "the quickest route is always by sea, Mordecai said".
 * 3.** Word: route

definition: neatly skillful and quick in one's movement etymology: Middle English "Then Flavia saw a young man lunge forward, grasp the net and give it a deft tug".
 * 4.** Word: deft

definition: a place where Jewish assembly or congregation meet for religous Worship and instrunction etymology: came from 2 Greek words; sun (together) and agein (bring) sentence: I went to synagogue on Yom Kippur.
 * Shira**
 * 1.** word: synagogue

definition: a penalty inflicted etymology: came from the old french word punir then became punissememt, another old French word sentence: Miriam recieved a punishment from gossiping about her brother Moshe.
 * 2.** word: punishment

Definition: not so interesting or exciting etymology: first came from old English and was dol (stupid) sentence: classrooms with out a lot of posters, are dull.
 * 3.** word: dull

definition: a respiratory condition causing breathing difficulties etymology: came late Middle English sentence: I can't run so fast because I can get an asthma attack.
 * 4.** word: asthma

Definition: A noise made by vibrations transmitted through the air. Etymology: 1250-1300 Middle English- soun, Latin- sonus or sonare. Sentence: "It sounds like someone is being murdered!"
 * Elena**
 * 1.** Pg. 80: Sound

Definition: A narrative that is real or fiction that amuses or teaches the people or things listening. Etymology: 1350-1400; Middle English- storie. From Latin- historia meaning a detailed picture that tells a story. Sentence: Tascius told them the true story of Vulcans birth.
 * 2. P**g. 152: Story

Definition: A pen-shaped stick or bone that was used by ancient people for writing on tablets. Etymology: Latin- stylus "stake, stylus". The spelling was influenced by Greek- stylos "pillar" meaning "instrument for writing". Sentence: Bring your tablet and stylus, Phrixus, will continue to take notes.
 * 3. P**g. 173: Stylus

Definition: A toilet or a hole/trench that is used as a toilet. Etymology: C. 1300 Latin- latrina. From lavare to wash. A contraction of lavatrina which is a washbasin or washroom. It reappeared in French in the 1640's. Then it was used as a word for a bathroom in a camp, barracks, college, hospital, etc. Sentence: The jolting of the cart had produced the usual effect on Flavia: she was bursting to use the latrine.
 * 4. P**g. 34: Latrine

Definition: Splash small drops of a liquid substance all over (an object or surface)
 * Izzy**
 * 1. Page 3: Bespattered**

Etymology:Like the Flemish word Spetteren. (Flemish is the language of Belgium.) In the 1640s English put together be+spatter to make bespatter Sentence: My new tunic is __bespattered.__

2. Page 2: Pax Definition: Peace or Calling a truce Etymology: 1325-75; Middle English Sentence: Say //pax!//

Definition**: an inclosed bed that is carried by men or animals. (**a stretcher, for transporting the sick and wounded) Etymology: This comes from the Anglo-French word litre which means "portable bed" or stretcher. Sentence: She needed a litter, and she needed one quickly.
 * 3.Page 2: Litter**

Sentence:"Jonathan!" chided Mordechai.
 * 4. page 78:Chided**
 * Definition: To scold**
 * Etymology:** Before 1000; Middle English chiden, Old English cīdan

**Lifestyle list**

 * Maya**
 * 1.** Medicines- they didn't have medicines during the time of the Roman empire so they used used things like herbs (Jonathan breathed into the bag of herbs to help with his Asthma and household items (wet cloth over the mouth to prevent ash from getting in to their lungs). They had doctors who knew about sicknesses and when you were hurt so, the doctors helped you recover as well.

2. Slaves- the upper class used to have slaves to do everything; work in the fields, the kitchen, help with the animals, etc. Slaves were people who were either very poor and had to sell themselves in to slavery, or, they were conquered by the romans and forced in to slavery.

3. Baths- they used to bath in large bath houses that had multiple baths in them, and each bath had a different temperature. Women used to bathe first and then men. They used to bathe about once a month. Some upper class had baths in their homes with private slaves for them, but most people went to the public bath houses. Bathing was considered a luxury.

4. Latrines- people at this time didn't have there own bathrooms in there houses. They used to go to the public latrines. The latrines were holes in the ground that led to piping underground. Women and men used them at the same time and they didn't have much privacy in the latrines.

Elena Eisenstadt 1) Omens: From this book I have learned that many ancient Greeks believed in bad omens. The omens were sent from the Gods when they didn't like what humans were doing. Some examples of "bad omens" in the book happen before and during Vulcanalia here they are: Jonathan oversleeps and wakes up with a headache. And the sky was grey.

2) Food: Most Greek children drank watered down wine or barley water. This was totally normal and they had no certain age you had to be to drink. A small normal meal would probably consist of flat brown bread, dates, and white cheese. A larger fancy meal might consist of mussels in sweet wine sauce, turbot, quails' eggs, camel's cheese, and Greek olives.

3) Courting: (Seeking the affection of a woman with the hope of marriage.) In this book many men try courting Jonathan's older sister Miriam. I learned of a tradition ancient Greeks had about courting. A man would give a woman a sparrow in a cage to show his affection for her.

4) Transportation: The type of transportation you had depended on what class you were in. Lower class had access to donkeys or rowboats. Upper class had access to carriages and ships. Everything was either animal or horse powered.

Shira Amar 1. Religion: At the time there were new Jews like Jonathan. A new Jew is someone who was originally a Jew and converted to Christianity because they followed Jesus. At the Roman festivals they went to, people performed religious rituals.

2. Animals: Uncle Gauis has his own farm inherited by his father. In the farm there were laurel trees, fig trees, garden with many types of flowers, hens, wolves and much more.

3. Recreation: In the beginning of the book, the kids made a tree fort during all of the their free time. That shows that they liked to make interesting stuff in their free time but at the same time something that may be able to help them.

4. Homes: I think the homes were pretty safe there. Except when Vesuvius erupted that was very dangerous. That's why people should have safe places underground or far away to escape to.

Mai Shmilovitch 1. Books and Writing- In modern times, we write with paper and pencil, back then they would use a scribe, and an ink pot, just like Pliny the great would use. Papyrus sheets were also what they used as mentioned in the book when he handed a papyrus scrap with a riddle on it to Flavia.

2. Clothes- the clothing was different for everyone like for example Vulcan, the blacksmith. He wore a one-sleeve tunic of a tradesman, and leather boots. Except he would have to wear a different kind of boot for one foot, because of this was that he had club foot.

3. Names- for many people in these time periods, their names would relate to themselves. For example, Vulcan is a blacksmith, and his name means "God of fire and metal working", which resembles who Vulcan is, and what he does.

4. Money- sestercii was coins that were one of the things used as money. For example, Flavia had to hire two muscular men to help save Pliny from the capsized boat. To pay them she offered 4 sestercii.

=**Discussion #2**=

Elena Eisenstadt If I were in Pompeii the night that Vesuvius erupted this is what I would do. First I would gather my most valuable possessions including food, water, and some sort of weapon for fending off robbers. Next I would try to get as far away from the volcano as possible. I realize that going into the water or on a ship would not be such a good idea so instead I would try to go underground. There was probably an aqueduct system in Pompeii so I would try to go there. There would be a threat of cave-ins or earthquakes but I think it would be worth the risk. It would be very hard to leave my home on such short notice. Although in reality if I saw a volcano going off in front of me I would probably just run.

Mai Shmilovitch If I were in Pompeii when Vesuvius erupted I would bring a bag with water, food, and a weapon if I people try to trample me. Then I would get to a high point like a roof, and look around to see where I could escape to. I agree with Elena on going underground. So next I would either dig a tunnel or find one that was already built. I would try to dig deep so if something happens it would reach that far down so I could be safer, even though it's dangerous. If a dont have time to dig a tunnel or even find one, I would put a mask over my mouth and nose to breath, and jump from one high point to another.

Shira Amar If I were in Vesuvius when Pompeii erupted I would first tell all of my friends to be prepared with the things I'm about to tell you I would be prepared with. Then I would take a good amount of food and drinks because food is something anyone could not live with out. After that I would find a far away place to hide in case I am too close. I can never forget a weapon so on my way to finding the far away place to hind, I would look around to find little objects I can put together to make a weapon such as sticks. When a volcano like Pompeii erupted is seemed to be like there was a very large amount of fire and after ashes, so I would also search for materials to make a fire proof head to toe outfit. Even though everything I said I would make could take a VERY long time to find/make I would even start to search for that stuff years before.